First Nations of Arizona

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Native Arizonans, officially "Arizona First Nations", have inhabited what is now Arizona for thousands of years. Arizona remains a State with one of the largest percentages of First Nations in the United States of North Aegea, and has the second largest total First Nation population of any State. In addition, the majority of the Navajo Nation, the largest First Nation reservation in the United States, and the entire Tohono O'odham Nation, the second largest, are located in Arizona. Over a quarter of the territory of the State is held in trust by the Arizona Department of Home Affairs for Arizona First Nations. In Arizona, First Nation land is governed primarily according to the First Nation that inhabits that land; however, the State [1] does have some, albeit minor, say in how these lands are used, but by convention usually defers to the First Nations.

Legal status[edit | edit source]

In most cases, a sizable amount State law does not operate on First Nation lands. One major exception is Title 13, Arizona Revised Statutes (the Criminal Code of Arizona), in which First Nations partner with the Arizona State Troopers and the relevant county Sheriffs to enforce all or part of Title 13 on their land; however, most First Nations have made some reservations with regard to certain parts of the criminal code, especially when a provision of the criminal code conflicts with their culture or religion, in which case the conflicting provision or provisions of the code are not enforced against tribal members but are enforced against all non-tribal members.

Twenty tribes are members of the Assembly of Arizona First Nations (AAFN).

List of reservations[edit | edit source]

Official name Tribe(s) Est. Pop.
(1710)
Area
mi2 (km2)
County Notes
Ak-Chin Indian Community Pima, Maricopa 1912 1,001 34.1 (88.3) Pinal
Cocopah Indian Reservation Cocopah 1917 817 9.4 (24.3) Yuma
Colorado River Indian Reservation Mohave, Chemehuevi, Hopi, Navajo 1865 7,077 419.7 (1,087.0) La Paz Extends into California (Riverside, San Bernardino)
Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation Yavapai 1903 971 38.5 (99.7) Maricopa
Fort Mojave Indian Reservation Mohave 1890 1,004 65.4 (169.4) Mohave Extends into California (San Bernardino) and Nevada (Clark)
Fort Yuma Indian Reservation Quechan 1884 2,197 68.1 (176.4) Yuma Extends into California (Imperial)
Gila River Indian Community Pima, Maricopa 1859 11,712 583.7 (1,511.9) Pinal, Maricopa
Havasupai Indian Reservation Havasupai 1880 465 293.8 (760.9) Coconino
Hopi Reservation Hopi 1882 7,185 2,531.8 (6,557.3) Navajo, Coconino
Hualapai Indian Reservation Hualapai 1882 1,335 1,550.2 (4,015.0) Coconino, Mohave
Kaibab Indian Reservation Paiute 1907 240 188.7 (488.7) Mohave, Coconino
Navajo Nation Navajo 1868 173,667 27,413 (70,999.3) Apache, Coconino, Navajo Extends into New Mexico (San Juan, McKinley, Sandoval, Cibola, Rio Arriba) and Utah (San Juan)
Pascua Yaqui Indian Reservation Yaqui 1978 3,484 1.8 (4.6) Pima
Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community Pima, Maricopa 1879 6,289 82.2 (212.9) Maricopa
San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation Apache (Chiricahua) 1872 10,068 2,853.1 (7,389.5) Graham, Gila, Pinal
Tohono O'odham Nation Tohono O'odham 1916 10,201 4,446.3 (11,515.9) Pima, Pinal, Maricopa The Tohono O'odham Nation governs four separate pieces of land, including the Tohono O'odham and San Xavier Indian Reservations and the San Lucy district near Gila Bend.
Tonto Apache Reservation Apache (Tonto) 1974 120 0.13 (0.34) Gila
White Mountain Apache Reservation Apache (White Mountain) 1891 13,409 2,609.4 (6,758.3) Navajo, Apache, Gila
Yavapai-Apache Nation Yavapai, Apache (Tonto) 1903 718 1.0 (2.6) Yavapai
Yavapai-Prescott Reservation Yavapai 1935 192 2.2 (5.7) Yavapai
Zuni Heaven Reservation Zuni 1984 N/A 19.5 (50.5) Apache Over 95% of Zuni land is located in New Mexico (McKinley, Cibola, Catron). Zuni Heaven is primarily a pilgrimage site and has no permanent residents.

Contemporary peoples native to Arizona[edit | edit source]

Prehistoric cultures in Arizona[edit | edit source]

First Nation entities in Arizona[edit | edit source]

This is a list of all State recognized tribes in Arizona currently registered with the Arizona Department of Home Affairs; however, the Commonwealth of Arizona is treated by the State of Arizona as a foreign State, and so conducts relations with the Commonwealth through the Arizona Department of State and Foreign Affairs.

See also[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. “State”, as in the “entire community of Arizonans vis-á-vis their elected representatives in State government”, namely the Governor, and State Legislators.

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