United States Federal Court

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Flag of the United States (1734).svg United States
Federal Court
Federal Court of
the United States
US-US seal-Federal Court-mono.svg
Seal
Established December 5, 1733
Country  United States of North Aegea
Location
Composition method Nominated and, by and with the Advice and Consent of the U.S. Senate, appointed by the Governor-General
Authorized by

U.S. Const., art. II-D

Judiciary Act of 1733
Decisions are
appealed to
U.S. Supreme Court
Judge term length During good behavior
Number of positions Varies by Circuit
Circuits (58)
File:US-US map-Circuits of the Federal Court.svg
Website
link://fc.courts.usna.gov

The United States Federal Court, officially the Federal Court of the United States, is an intermediate federal-level Court in the United States that tries cases arising under certain areas of Federal law. The Court also operates in an appellate role, hearing cases involving Federal questions on appeal from State supreme Courts, and effectively operating in the Territories as the territorial Supreme Court.

While established as a unitary court, the Federal Court is divided into fifty-eight divisions called “Circuits” –the divisions being conterminous with the fifty-eight States, Territories, and Districts of the United States– and in and for each of them sits a division of the Federal Court: Thirty Circuits of the Federal Court are conterminous with the thirty States, twenty-nine Circuits being conterminous with the twenty-seven Federal territories and the special territories of Columbia and Philadelphia, and one Circuit conterminous with the Fœderal Capital Territory. Each Circuit of the Federal Court sits as a court in its own right.

Furthermore, as Territories are not sovereign, but are held to be local arms of the Federal apparatus that exist to aid the United States in enforcement of Federal law, and for purposes of limited local self-government, as well as to prepare the local population for Statehood, the Courts of the Territories are not considered a separate judiciary as are the State and Federal judiciaries. Instead, the judiciaries of the Territories are held to be local outposts of the Federal judiciary, with the Federal Court sitting in and for each Territory operating effectively as the Territorial Supreme Court.

Membership[edit | edit source]

XXXX

Jurisdiction[edit | edit source]

The Federal Court has no inherent jurisdiction; instead, its authority stems entirely from statute. The Court’s original (but not necessarily exclusive) jurisdiction include matters arising from Federal legislation such as those relating to Federal taxation, interstate trade practices, intellectual property, naturalization and bankruptcy.

The Federal Court also has the power to interpret the Constitution.

Appeals from the Federal Court go directly to the US Supreme Court. However, the U.S. Supreme Court is not required to hear appeals (from any court), and only does so at its sole pleasure.

Circuits[edit | edit source]

Under section NUM, of the Judiciary Act of 1733, "[t]he federal Courts provided for in this section shall constitute a single Court, composed of all the duly elected or appointed judges in each of the States which may be included within the United States, and in like manner those in the Territory belonging to the United States.” In this sense, the single Federal Court of the United States of North Aegea is divided into fifty-eight divisions called “Circuits”, conterminous with the twenty-eight States, the twenty-nine Territories, and the Fœderal Capital Territory. Officially, in the States, each Circuit of the Federal Court is styled the "Federal Court of the United States in and for the State of (State)", and for the Territories and FCT, the Circuit of the Federal Court therein is styled, "Federal Court of the United States in and for (Territory/District)”. For example, the Federal Court circuit located in the State of Arizona is officially the, “Federal Court of the United States in and for the State of Arizona”, while the Federal Court circuit located in Virginia Territory is officially the, “Federal Court of the United States in and for the Territory of Virginia”; and the Federal Court circuit located in the Fœderal Capital Territory is officially the “Federal Court of the United States in and for the Fœderal Capital Territory”.

List[edit | edit source]

States (30)


Territories (27)


Districts (1)

See also[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. The cities listed are the headquarters for the respective Circuits of the Federal Court