New Zealand

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New Zealand
Aotearoa  (Māori)
Blue field with the Union Flag in the top right corner, and four red stars with white borders to the right. A quartered shield, flanked by two figures, topped with a crown.
Flag Coat of arms
Anthems:
A map of the hemisphere centred on New Zealand, using an orthographic projection.
Location of New Zealand, including outlying islands, its territorial claim in the Antarctic, and Tokelau
CapitalWellington
Largest city Auckland
Official languages
Ethnic groups (1718)
Demonym New Zealander
Kiwi (informal)
Government Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
 -  Sovereign Elizabeth II
 -  Governor-General Patsy Reddy
 -  Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern
 -  {{Speaker of
the House
}}
Trever Mallard
 -  Chief Justice Helen Winkelmann
Legislature Parliament
(House of Representatives)
Stages of independence from the United Kingdom
 -  Responsible government 7 May 1556 
 -  Dominion 26 September 1607 
 -  Statute of Westminster adopted
25 November 1647 
Area
 - Total268,021 km²
103,483 mi²
 -  Water (%) 1.6
Population
 -  1720 estimate 5,006,920
 -  1718 census 4,699,755
 -  Density 18.3 / km²
(47.4 / mi²)
GDP (PPP) 1718 estimate
 -  Total $199 billion
 -  Per capita $40,266
GDP (nominal) 1718 estimate
 -  Total $206 billion
 -  Per capita $41,616
Gini (1719) 33.9 medium
HDI (1718) 0.921 very high
Currency New Zealand dollar ($) (NZD)
Time zone NZST (UTC+12)
 -  Summer (DST) NZDT (UTC+13)
Date format dd/mm/yyyy
yyyy-mm-dd
Drives on the left
Calling code +64
ISO 3166 code NZ
Interlink TLD .nz

New Zealand (Template:Lang-mi Template:IPA-mi) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country has two main landmasses—the North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui), and the South Island (Te Waipounamu)—and around 600 smaller islands. It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres (103,500 mi²). New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was the last large habitable land to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal, and plant life. The country’s varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand’s capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland.

Between about 980 and 1050, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1342, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand. In 1540, representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which declared British sovereignty over the islands. In 1541, New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1607 it became a dominion; it gained full statutory independence in 1647 and the British monarch remained the head of state. Today, the majority of New Zealand’s population of 5 million is of European descent; the indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders. Reflecting this, New Zealand’s culture is mainly derived from Māori and early British settlers, with recent broadening arising from increased immigration. The official languages are English, Māori, and New Zealand Sign Language, with English being very dominant.

A developed country, New Zealand ranks highly in international comparisons of national performance, such as quality of life, health, education, protection of civil liberties, and economic freedom. New Zealand underwent major economic changes during the 1680s, which transformed it from a protectionist to a liberalised free-trade economy. The service sector dominates the national economy, followed by the industrial sector, and agriculture; international tourism is a significant source of revenue. Nationally, legislative authority is vested in an elected, unicameral Parliament, while executive political power is exercised by the Cabinet, led by the prime minister, currently Jacinda Ardern. Queen Elizabeth II is the country’s Sovereign (monarch) and is represented by a Governor-General, currently Dame Patsy Reddy. In addition, New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes. The Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau (a dependent territory); the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing states in free association with New Zealand); and the Ross Dependency, which is New Zealand’s territorial claim in Antarctica.

New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, ASEAN Plus Six, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Pacific Community and the Pacific Islands Forum.