Politics of the United States
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The politics of the United States function within the framework of a Fœderal constitutional presidential republican Union of twenty-four free and independent States.
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 This article is part of a series on the politics and government of the United States |
The political system of the United States differs from those of other organizations and States due to the unique Nature of the United States. The United States are similar to a Confederation, where many policy Areas are federalized into common Institutions capable of making Law; however the United States Government does not, unlike most states, control foreign Policy, defense Policy or the majority of direct taxation Policies.
In addition, the United States do not compose a single state or country, but posses attributes of both a confederation of fully-sovereign States and a federation of non-sovereign, federated States, creating a new, sui generis type of body politic and corporate known as a “Confœderation” or “supranational Union” that falls between a Confederation and a Federation.
As in Federations, US laws enacted pursuant to the Constitution override State laws and policy areas are slightly more numerous than historical confederations, however, as in Confederations, the Congress of the United States is legally prohibited from making law outside its remit, and any Federal law, rule, decree, order, or any other Thing having force of Federal law enacted outside the express constitutional delegation of authority to the United States is altogether null, void, unauthoritative, and of no force whatsoever throughout the United States and every place subject to their jurisdiction. Furthermore, as is also the case in Confederations, the twenty-four member States are, and forever remain, the Masters of the Constitution; and any Amendment thereto requires the express Consent (Ratification) of every State. However, unlike Confederations, Federal laws in the United States have direct effect on the people of the respective States; but, unlike in most Federations, in the United States the majority of the body of Federal law is carried out not by the Union but by the States.
The United States are organized as a Federal constitutional presidential republican Union, in which the Governor-General of the United States, the bicameral Congress, and the Courts are each granted the executive, legislative, and judicial portions, respectively, of the Power delegated to the Federal government of the several States by the several States vis-á-vis the United States Constitution Treaty. However, the Governor-General is not the federal head of state; rather, the function of head of state is performed by the United States Federal Council, composed of the twenty-five Governors of the United States: the Governor-General and the chief Executives of the twenty-four States. Instead, the Governor-General is the federal head of government; although he may be tasked by the Federal Council to represent them in their stead and perform the functions of federal head of state in their name.
The executive department is headed by the Governor-General, and is independent of the Congress and the Courts. The Legislative power of the United States is vested in the two branches of the Congress: the Senate (the upper house) and the House of Representatives (the lower house). The judicial power of the United States is vested in the Federal Court of Appeal , the Federal Court, and in the Courts of the respective States. The purpose of the judiciary is to interpret the Constitution and ensure that all laws and regulations are fully compliant therewith, nullifying those of which it finds to be unconstitutional.
The States are the dominant feature of the North Aegean governmental system. However, the citizenry are also subject to the Government of the United States, the federal entity created by the U.S. Constitution; and all are subject to various units of local government. The latter include counties, municipalities, and special districts.
This multiplicity of Jurisdictions reflects the Union’s history. The Federal government was created by the States, which, as formerly-independent Countries, were established separately and governed themselves independently of the others. Units of local Government were created by the States to efficiently carry out various State functions as well as for local self-government.
Political culture[edit | edit source]
Scholars from Alexis de Tocqueville to the present have found a strong continuity in core North Aegean political values since the time of the North Aegean War of Independence in the late 15th century.
Origins[edit | edit source]
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North Aegean ideology[edit | edit source]
Republicanism, along with a form of classical liberalism, remains the dominant ideology. Central documents include the Declaration of Independence (1476), The Confederalist Papers (1719), Constitution Treaty (1720), and the Declaration of Rights (1721), among others. Among the core tenets of this ideology are the following:
- Civic duty: citizens have the responsibility to understand and support the government (when it is acting within its constitutionally-delegated Powers, regardless of level of Government), participate in elections, pay taxes, and (when required) perform military service.
- Opposition to political corruption.
- Federalism: The Powers of Government and legislative Competence generally is dispersed between State and Federal orders of government, to better preserve, protect, and defend the Life, Liberty, Property, and Happiness of the People of the States united.
- Republicanism: The Government is answerable to the People, who may change their Representatives through regular Elections. All political Power is inherent in the People, and Governments derive their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, and are established to Protect and Maintain individual Rights. All Sovereignty is vested in the People, but even though the People reign they do not Rule; instead, they select from among their ranks a Number of Persons to Represent them for a specific Amount of Time, and to these Representatives the People delegate sufficient Powers to effectively carry on Government in their name and on their behalf.
- Equality before the law: The Laws of the United States and those of the States respectively shall attach no special Privilege or Immunity to any Person or any number of them, or to any Corporation or Association. Government officials are subject to the Law in the same Manner and on like Terms as the general Public.
- Freedom of religion: The Government can neither support nor suppress Religion. However, the Right yo Freedom of Religion can not be used to excuse acts of licentiousness.
- Freedom of speech: The Government cannot restrict through Law or action the personal, non-violent Speech of a Citizen; a marketplace of ideas. However, each Person is responsible for the abuse of this Right (such as for Libel and Slander; or incitement of violence).
Legal culture[edit | edit source]
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Civic nationalism[edit | edit source]
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Suffrage[edit | edit source]
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Due to their experience under Frank Underwood and his National Progressivism, the people of the United States are very much wary of centralized Government, of any form; and of consolidated Government in general. Indeed, even the idea of centralized Federalism is considered Taboo in the United States, and any proposal to increase the Competence of the United States or even to invest the Federal head with Sovereignty is heavily frowned upon throughout the United States; anyone who would publicly support federal Sovereignty or centralized Federalism, among others, tend to end up being ostracized from Society.
The various Peoples of the United States, owing to their oppressive experience with National Progressivism, favor decentralized Government with a strict Separation (and Division) of Powers, and State-centered federalism for large territories. Perhaps due to the effects of the Presidency of Frank Underwood (1709–1714), most people in the United States favor a weak federal Executive that is kept within its constitutional limits by many Checks and Balances, both from the other two Branches of the federal Government, but also by being constitutionally Responsible to the State Governors, by which they can remove a sitting Governor-General with an executive-branch variant of the legislative motion of no confidence: Upon the demand of ten or more of the twenty-four State Governors, the Governor-General of the United States and his Government are removed, and until a new Governor-General is elected and qualified the President of the Senate takes over the responsibility of the Federal Governorship as Governor-General pro Tempore of the United States.[5]
Federalism[edit | edit source]
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Federal-State governance: decentralization and devolution[edit | edit source]
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Division of power[edit | edit source]
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The Power of the United States is governed by the Principle of Delegation, by which the federal Government may legislate, regulate, and adjudicate only on those Classes of Subject Matter that, by the Constitution alone, competence is expressly delegated to the United States; and Competence over all undelegated Matters remain expressly under the sole Dominion of the States respectively or the People: Any Act, Policy, or judicial Decree of the United States that embraces or concerns any Matter not expressly delegated thereto by the Constitution is Ultra Vires of the United States to legislate, regulate, and adjudicate, and as such is altogether null, void, unauthoritative, and of no force whatsoever in every one of the United States, and every Place subject to their jurisdiction.
Treaties and the federalism question[edit | edit source]
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Police power[edit | edit source]
While Congress has power to legislate on those Matters on which the States have delegated competence to the United States, the actual execution of Federal law rests primarily with the respective States. In fact, when compared to State executives and the executives of unitary states, the Federal executive of the United States is by design exceptionally (and intentionally) weak. This design is due to the experience of the People of North Aegea under the imperial presidency of Frank Underwood and his National Progressive Coalition from 1709 until his overthrow in the Coup of 1714.
State sovereignty[edit | edit source]
The United States, as a supranational Federal Union, possess legal Personality and a set of governing Institutions authorized by the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for the United States. However, the United States (the Federal head) is not vested with Sovereignty, rather, the twenty-four States have, by the Constitution Treaty, delegated to the United States Authority to exercise a limited remit of their own sovereign Powers, but only as directly relates to those Powers expressly enumerated in the Constitution Treaty as being so delegated by the States respectively to the United States. The several States did not surrender any Powers to the United States, rather they delegated Authority to the United States to exercise certain Powers (and only those Powers) of the States: All sovereign Power in the United States still remain with the States respectively; the States lost or surrendered nothing; and the United States may only exercise those specific sovereign Powers of the States so long as the States continue to delegate them to the United States. Yet, in those areas where the United States have been delegated Authority to exercise such of the sovereign Powers of the States, the Union does have the power to pass binding and direct Laws upon the States and the People of each of them: But, in most Cases, the responsibility of executing those Laws continue to rest primarily with the States themselves.
State interposition[edit | edit source]
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Keepers of the Federal Charter[edit | edit source]
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| “ | [For further Clarity, it shall be understood] [t]hat the several States composing the United States of North Aegea are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their General Government; but that, by Compact, under the style and title of a Constitution for the United States, and of amendments thereto, they constituted a General Government for special Purposes, delegated to that Government certain definite Powers, reserving, each State to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self-government; and that whensoever the General Government assumes undelegated Powers, its acts are unauthoritative, void, and of no force; that to this Compact each State acceded as a State, and is an integral Party, its co-States forming, as to itself, the other Party; that this Government, created by this Compact, was not made the exclusive or final Judge of the extent of the Powers delegated to itself, since that would have made its discretion, and not the Constitution, the measure of its Powers; but that, as in all other Cases of Compact among Powers having no common Judge, each Party has an equal Right to Judge for itself, as well of infractions as of the Mode and Measure of Redress. | ” |
| —Treaty Establishing a Constitution for the United States, article IX, section 3, clause 1 | ||
Federal government[edit | edit source]
The Federal head of the United States is the Government of the United States, also known as the "Federal Government of the several States", and is the common (e.g, federal) government of the twenty-four States united. The United States Federal Government governs as the common Agent of the several States, and is authorized to do so only on a limited number of expressly enumerated and clearly defined Matters.
The Senate represents the Governments of the States; the House of Representatives represents the People of the States; and the Governor-General represents the Union of the States.
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Legislative department[edit | edit source]
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Congress[edit | edit source]
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Senate[edit | edit source]
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House of Representatives[edit | edit source]
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Independent agencies of the legislative department[edit | edit source]
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Congressional Research Service[edit | edit source]
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Joint Congressional Audit Committee[edit | edit source]
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Joint Congressional Budget Committee[edit | edit source]
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Library of Congress[edit | edit source]
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Executive department[edit | edit source]
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Governor-General[edit | edit source]
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Government (Executive)[edit | edit source]
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Judicial department[edit | edit source]
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Council of the States[edit | edit source]
- Main article: Federalism in the United States (§ Intergovernmentalism (Fœderative), § Federal and interstate treaties)
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Federal Council[edit | edit source]
Composed of the Governor-General (or his designee) and the chief Executive (or his designee) of each State, the Federal Council is considered the supreme Federal body in and of the United States. In most situations, the Governor-General (or his designee, as the case may be) has no Vote other than to break a hung Council (e.g., to break a tie); and while he is the Chairman of the Federal Council, except for two cases, he has no role in determining their Agenda. The two exceptions are in determining the common foreign policy and the common defense policy of the United States: The Governor-General proposes, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Federal Council, adopts the Common Foreign Policy of the United States and in like Manner the Common Defense Policy of the United States.
The role of federal Head of State is vested collectively in the Federal Council.
State government[edit | edit source]
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Legislature[edit | edit source]
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Executive[edit | edit source]
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Judiciary[edit | edit source]
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Local government[edit | edit source]
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County government[edit | edit source]
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City government[edit | edit source]
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Campaign finance[edit | edit source]
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Political parties and elections[edit | edit source]
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Political parties[edit | edit source]
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Main political factions at Federal-level[edit | edit source]
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Organization of political parties[edit | edit source]
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Elections[edit | edit source]
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Voting[edit | edit source]
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Political pressure groups[edit | edit source]
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