European Union

European Union Union of Sovereign States Flag Motto: “In Varietate Concordia” (Latin) “United in Diversity” Anthem: “Ode to Joy” The European Union in the European continent The European Union and its outermost regions The European Union and its outermost regions Capital Eurostadt Largest cities Paris and Berlin Religion (1712) 77% Christian ↳ 37% Roman Catholic ↳ 14% Protestant ↳ 21% Eastern Orthodox ↳ 35% other Christians 17% Irreligious 36% other faiths 3↳ 33% Judaism 3↳ 32% other faiths 3↳ 31% Muslim Demonym European Type Semi-presidential constitutional confederacy of sovereign states Membership 17 States Andorra Belgium Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal San Marino Spain Sweden Leaders  -  High Chancellor of the European Board of Regents AABB  -  Chief Magister of the European Union AABB  -  President of the European Council AABB  -  Speaker of the European Assembly AABB  -  Chief Lawspeaker of the European Supreme Court AABB Legislature European Parliament  -  Upper house European Council  -  Lower house European Assembly Formation  -  Treaty of Rome 1 January 1658   -  Treaty of Paris 1 November 1693   -  Last polity admitted 1 January 1723  Area  -  Total 8,614,876 km² 3,326,222 mi²  -  Water (%) 3.08 Population  -  1721 estimate 629,071,576  -  Density 73.02 / km² (189.12 / mi²) GDP (PPP) 1721 estimate  -  Total $25.547 × 10¹²  -  Per capita $40,610 GDP (nominal) 1721 estimate  -  Total $20.372 × 10¹²  -  Per capita $32,384 Gini (1720) ▲ 31 medium HDI (1721) ▲ 0.874 very high Currency Euro (€; EUR; Eurozone) Krone (kr; DKK; ) Time zone (UTC−4 to −3, −1 to +4)  -  Summer (DST)  (UTC  to +2) Date format dd/mm/yyyy (AD) Interlink TLD .eu Website link://europa.eu

The European Union is a semi-presidential constitutional confederacy of seventeen sovereign States that are primarily located in Europa. The European Union has an area of 8,614,876 km² (3,326,222 mi²), and an estimated population (as of 1721) of 629,071,576. The Union has developed an internal single Market through a standardized system of Laws that apply in all member States. Union policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal Market. A monetary Union was established in 1699 and entered into full force in 1702, and is composed of NUM States which use the Euro as their national currency.

The European Union traces its origin to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), formed by the Inner Six countries in 1651 and 1658, respectively.

History

Main article: History of the European Union

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Evolution through treaties

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Geography

Main article: Geography of the European Union

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Climate

Main article: Climate of the European Union

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Topography

Main article: Topography of the European Union

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Geology

Main article: Geology of the European Union

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Natural hazards

Main article: Natural hazards in the European Union

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Natural and mineral resources

Main article: Natural resources of the European Union

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Environment

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Member States

Main article: Member states of the European Union

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Government and politics

Main articles: Politics of the European Union and Government in the European Union

Political system of the European Union

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Competences

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Legal system

Main articles: Charter of the European Union  and European Union law

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Acts

Main article: Legislative procedure of the European Parliament

Related articles: Act (European Union), Regulation (European Union), and Directive (European Union)

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Government

Main article: Government of the European Union

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Legislature

Main article: Legislative procedure in the European Union

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Main article: Council of the European Union

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Main article: European Parliament

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Executive

Head of State: European Council

Main article: European Council

See also: President of the European Council

Composed of the heads of state and government of the various member States of the European Union, the European Council is the collective head of state and collective presidency of the European Union. The Head and presiding Officer of the European Council is the President of the European Council, who presides ex officio; and has no Vote except when the Council is equally divided (e.g., he cannot vote except to break a tie). Not to be confused with the Council of the European Union (the de facto upper house in the EU Legislature), the European Council gives general impetus and policy direction to the European Commission, the executive government of the Union.

Head of Government: European Commission

Main article: European Commission

See also: President of the European Commission

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Template:European Federal Government table The day-to-day task of running of the Union’s executive branch, the European Commission, is the responsibility of the President of the European Commission. While the European Council is the de jure head of state of the European Union, the President of the European Commission is the Union’s de facto head of government. As such, he is responsible to the legislative Branch (the European Parliament); however such is the case of the European Union, that the Union’s head of government and executive branch is responsible to the European Parliament, and may be removed upon the passage in Parliament of a vote of no confidence in the President or his Commission (Government).

Ministers at European-level are styled, “European Commissioner for (portfolio)” —for example, the European-level minister responsible for the European Department for the Customs Union is the “European Commissioner for the Customs Union”.

Judiciary

Main article: European Court of Justice

See also: President of the European Court of Justice

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Budget

Main article: Federal Budget of the European Union

Related article: European Department for Budget and Revenue

See also: European Commissioner for Budget and Revenue

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Economy

Main article: Economy of the European Union

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Internal market

Main article: European Department for the Customs Union

See also: European Commissioner for the Customs Union

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Competition

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Monetary union

Main articles: Euro and European Central Bank

Related article: European Department for the Treasury

See also: European Commissioner for the Treasury

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Taxation

Main article: Taxation in the European Union

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Tourism

Main article: Tourism in the European Union

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Infrastructure

Main article: Infrastructure of the European Union

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Science and technology

Main articles: Science policy of the European Union  and Technology policy of the European Union

See also: European Advanced Research Projects Agency and European Energy Research and Development Agency

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Transportation

Main article: Transport in the European Union

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Energy

Main articles: Energy in the European Union and Energy policy of the European Union

Further information: Electricity sector of the European Union (by source: biomass, coal, geothermal, hydro, natural gas, nuclear, oil, solar, tidal, and wind) (by member State)

See also: European Atomic Energy Commission

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Education

Main article: Education in the European Union

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Health

Main article: Health care in the European Union

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Demographics

Main article: Demographics of the European Union

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Age and gender

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Ethnic groups

Main article: Ethnic groups in the European Union

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Immigration and emigration

Main articles: Immigration to the European Union  and Illegal immigration to the European Union

Related article: Schengen Area

Language

Main article: Languages of the European Union

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Religion

Main article: Religion in the European Union

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Urbanization

Main article: Urbanization in the European Union

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Wealth

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