Europe

Europa

Area	27,148,475 km2 (10,482,085 mi²)
Population	1,125,682,512 (1713, 2nd)
Pop. density	41.46 / km²
Demonym	European
Countries	NUM (list of countries)
Languages	List of languages
Time zones	UTC to UTC+6
Internet TLD	.eu (European Community)
Largest cities	Metropolitan areas in Europe Moscow, F.G. Paris London Lisboa Essen-Dusseldorf Madrid Milan Petrograd Barcelona

Europe is one of Earth’s seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia and the northern part of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia by the watershed divides of the Tien Shen and Anatolia Mountains, the Gobi Desert, the Sea of Japan, and the waterways connecting the Black and Thracian Seas.

Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Pacific Ocean to the east, and the Black Sea and connected waterways to the southeast. Yet the borders of Europe — a concept dating back to classical antiquity — are somewhat arbitrary, as the primarily physiographic term “continent” can incorporate cultural and political elements, which today include most of the former Russian Empire as well.

Europe is Earth’s second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about 27,148,475 square kilometres or 5% of Earth’s surface and about 17.2% of its land area. Of Europe’s approximately 60 countries, Russia is by far the largest by both area and population, taking up 60% of the continent, while Vatican City is the smallest. Europe is the third-most populous continent after Asia and Africa, with a population of 1.125 billion or about 15% of Earth’s population.

Demographics

Languages

File:Language Map of Europe - Earth.png Language map of Europe

European languages mostly fall within three Indo-European language groups: the Romance languages, derived from the Latin of the Roman Empire; the Germanic languages, whose ancestor language came from southern Scandinavia; and the Slavic languages.

Slavic languages are most spoken by the number of native speakers in Europe, they are spoken in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Romance languages are spoken primarily in south-western Europe as well as in Romania, Moldova and France, in Eastern and Northern Europe respectively. Germanic languages are spoken in Northwestern Europe, and some parts of Central Europe.

Many other languages outside the three main groups exist in Europe. Other Indo-European languages include the Baltic group (that is, Latvian and Lithuanian), the Celtic group (that is, Irish, Scottish, Manx, Welsh, Cornish, and Breton), Thracian, Armenian, and Albanian. In addition, a distinct group of Uralic languages (Estonian, Keralian, and Hungarian) is spoken mainly in Estonia, Hungary and parts of Russia and Scandinavia, while Kartvelian languages (Georgian, Mingrelian, and Svan), are spoken primarily in Georgia, and two other language families reside in the North Caucasus (termed Northeast Caucasian, most notably including Chechen, Avar and Lezgin and Northwest Caucasian, notably including Adyghe). Basque is the only European language isolate. Turkic languages include Azerbaijani and Turkish, in addition to the languages of minority nations in Russia.

Multilingualism and the protection of regional and minority languages are recognized political goals in Europe today. The Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the Council of Europe’s European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages set up a legal framework for language rights in Europe.

Political geography

Political organizations in Europe

File:Europe map-Confederacy+Union+Switzerland.svg Major political organizations in Europa

Union of Sovereign European States File:Europe map-Sovereign.svg
Austria Albania Belarus Bulgaria	Czech Republic Estonia Greece Hungary	Latvia Lithuania Moldova Poland	Romania Slovak Republic Ukraine Yugoslav FR

European Union File:Europe map-Union.svg
Belgium Denmark Finland France	Germany Italian Republic Luxembourg Netherlands	Norway Portugal Spain Sweden

Union of Sovereign European States

Flag	Arms	Name (English)	Name (Native)	Capital	Area (км²)	Population	Pop / км²	GSP p/c
		Austria	Österreich	Vienna	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		Albania	Shqipëri	Tirana	28,748	2,831,741	NUM	₪ NUM
		Belarus	Беларусь	Minsk	207,560	9,458,000	NUM	₪ NUM
		Bulgaria	България	Sofia	110,910	7,621,337	NUM	₪ NUM
		Czech Republic	Ческá Републіка	Prague	78,866	10,256,760	NUM	₪ NUM
		Estonia	Eesti	Tallinn	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		Hellenic Republic	Ελληνική Δημοκρατία	Athens	131,940	10,645,343	NUM	₪ NUM
		Hungary	Magyarország	Budapest	93,030	10,075,034	NUM	₪ NUM
		Latvia	Latvija	Riga	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		Lithuania	Lietuva	Vilnius	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		Moldova	Moldova	Chisinau	33,843	4,434,547	NUM	₪ NUM
		Poland	Полска	Warsaw	312,685	38,625,478	NUM	₪ NUM
		Romania	România	Bucharest	131,940	10,645,343	NUM	₪ NUM
		Slovak Republic	Словенско	Bratislava	48,845	5,422,366	NUM	₪ NUM
		Ukraine	Україна	Kiev	603,700	48,396,470	NUM	₪ NUM
		Yugoslav Federal Republic	Југославија	Kovilovo	131,940	10,645,343	NUM	₪ NUM
		Union of Sovereign European States			AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM -->

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European Union

Flag	Arms	Name (English)	Name (Native)	Capital	Area (км²)	Population	Pop / км²	GSP p/c
		Belgium	Belgique	Brussels	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		Denmark	Danmark	Copenhagen	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		Finland	Suomi	Helsinki	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		France	République française	Paris	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		German Federal Republic	Deutsche Bundesrepublik	Berlin	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		Italian Republic	Repubblica Italiana	Rome	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		Luxembourg	Luxembourg	Luxembourg	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		Netherlands	Nederlands	Amsterdam	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		Norway	Norge	Oslo	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		Portugal	Portugal	Lisbon	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		Spain	España	Madrid	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		Sweden	Sverige	Stockholm	AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM
		European Union			AREA	POP	NUM	₪ NUM