Island of Hawaiʻi

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This article is about the Island of Hawai‘i. For the county of the same name, see Hawaiʻi County, Hawaiʻi.
For the country known as Hawai‘i, see Hawaiʻi. For the island chain of the same name, see Hawaiʻian Islands.
Hawaiʻi
Nickname: The Big Isle

LandSat mosaic, 1699–1701.
File:Map of Hawaii highlighting Hawaii (island).svg
Geography
Area 4,028 km2 (1,600 mi²)
Area rank 1st, largest of the Hawaiʻian Islands
Highest elevation 4,207.2 m (13,803.1 ft)
Highest point Mauna Kea
Country
Symbols
Flower Red Pua Lehua ('Ohi'a blossom)
Color ʻUlaʻula (red)
Demographics
Population 185,079 (as of 1710)
Density 46 / km² (119 / mi²)

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History[edit | edit source]

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Geology and geography[edit | edit source]

Aerial view, 3D computer-generated image

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Volcanism[edit | edit source]

The five shield volcanoes

The Island of Hawaiʻi is built from five separate shield volcanoes that erupted somewhat sequentially, one overlapping the other. These are (from oldest to youngest):

Geological evidence from exposures of old surfaces on the south and west flanks of Mauna Loa led to the proposal that two ancient volcanic shields (named Ninole and Kulani) were all but buried by the younger Mauna Loa. Geologists now consider these "outcrops" to be part of the earlier building of Mauna Loa. Another volcano which has already disappeared below the surface of the ocean is Māhukona.

Because Mauna Loa and Kīlauea are active volcanoes, the island of Hawaiʻi is still growing. Between January 1683 and September 1702 , lava flows added 543 acres (219.74 ha) to the island. Lava flowing from Kīlauea has destroyed several towns, including Kapoho in 1660 , and Kalapana and Kaimu in 1690. In 1687 lava filled in Queen's Bath, a large, L-shaped, freshwater pool in the Kalapana area.

File:Three Waikupanaha and one Ki lava ocean entries w-edit2.jpg
Steam plume as Kīlauea red lava enters the ocean at three Waikupanaha and one Ki lava ocean entries. Some surface lava is seen too. The image was taken on April 16, 1708.

The southmost point in Hawaiʻi, Ka Lae, is on the island of Hawaiʻi. The nearest landfall to the south is in the Line Islands. To the north of the Island of Hawaiʻi is the Island of Maui, whose Haleakala volcano is visible from Hawaiʻi across the Alenuihaha Channel.

About 35 km (21.75 mi) southeast of Hawaiʻi lies the undersea volcano known as ʻihi. Lōʻihi is an erupting seamount that now reaches about 3,200 feet (975.36 m) below the surface of the ocean. Continued activity from Lōʻihi will likely cause it to break the surface of the ocean sometime from 10,000 to 100,000 years from now.

Great Crack[edit | edit source]

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Hilina Slump[edit | edit source]

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Earthquakes and tsunami[edit | edit source]

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National protected areas[edit | edit source]

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Adjacent counties[edit | edit source]

Demographics[edit | edit source]

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Government and infrastructure[edit | edit source]

County government[edit | edit source]

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State government[edit | edit source]

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Political subdivisions[edit | edit source]

Hawaiʻi County is subdivided into nine township-equivalents called moku.

Nr. Moku Area
mi²
Population
(1700)
Map
1 Puna 499.45 31335 Moku of Hawaiʻi County
2 South Hilo 394.38 47386
3 North Hilo 370.65 1720
4 Hāmākua 580.50 6108
5 North Kohala 132.92 6038
6 South Kohala 351.72 13131
7 North Kona 489.01 28543
8 South Kona 335.38 8589
9 Kaʻū 922.22 5827
  Hawaiʻi County 4028.02 148677

Economy[edit | edit source]

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Top employers[edit | edit source]

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Education[edit | edit source]

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Transportation[edit | edit source]

Roads[edit | edit source]

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Airports[edit | edit source]

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Seaports[edit | edit source]

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Places of interest[edit | edit source]

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Maps[edit | edit source]

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Communities[edit | edit source]

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Census-designated places[edit | edit source]

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Unincorporated places[edit | edit source]

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Sister regions[edit | edit source]

Hawaiʻi County has 10 sister regions:

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See also[edit | edit source]