Galactic Republic

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History
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Formation
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Early history
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Old Grox Wars
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New Grox Wars
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Pax Galactica
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Contemporary history
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Government, law, and politics
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Constitutional nature and structure
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Government of the Republic
The Galactic Republic is a federal constitutional parliamentary republic. The Federal-level government is composed of three branches; namely: the legislative, composed of the Congress of the Republic; the executive, composed of the General Ministry, and led by the Chancellor; and the judicial, composed of the Supreme Court and numerous regional Courts.

Legislative Department and Congress of the Republic
The Congress of the Republic is, unlike its name, not a congressional-style legislature. Rather, it is a parliamentary body, in which the executive is chosen to a term not exceeding seven years by and from the members of the legislature; and remains in office during that term so long as the executive continues to maintain the confidence of the legislature: The legislature may sack the executive by passing a motion of no confidence in the executive.

The Chancellor is the presiding Officer of the Congress and, by virtue of that Office, is also concurrently the Head of State and of Government of the Galactic Republic. He is chosen to a term not exceeding seven Years by and from among the members of the Congress, and remains in office during that term so long as he and his Ministry continue to maintain the confidence of the Congress, according to the principles of responsible government. Once elected by the Congress, the Chancellor nominates and, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Congress, appoints the various Ministers and other members of the executive branch. The Chancellor and his Ministry may be removed by the Congress before the nominal seven-year term is up by passing a motion of no confidence in the Chancellor and/or his Ministry. Individual ministers may be removed in the same way, but without sacking the whole executive Government. Once sacked, the sacked Officers remain in Office in a caretaker role until their successors are chosen and qualified. This means they remain in Office until their replacement is chosen and qualified, but during this time they may not propose or introduce new policies or take new actions; rather they must maintain the status quo as it existed immediately prior to their sacking (e.g., “caretaker”).

The Vice-Chair is the lieutenant to the Chancellor, and deputizes as presiding Officer of the Congress whenever the Chancellor is absent from that body, effectively making the Vice-Chair the de facto presiding Officer of the Congress. Furthermore, insofar as concerns the Powers and Duties of the Office of Chancellor in relation to its role as Head of State and Government of the Republic, whenever the Chancellor is unable to exercise those Powers and Duties, whether by Death, Resignation, Illness, Absence from the Republic, Incapacitation, or other Disability, those particular Powers and Duties devolve upon the Vice-Chair until the Disability is removed, or until a new Chancellor is chosen and qualified: In such an event, the Vice-Chair becomes Chancellor pro Tempore for the duration of the Disability of the elected Chancellor, or until a new Chancellor is elected by the Congress.

Executive Department and Chancellor of the Republic
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Judicial Department and Supreme Court of the Republic
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The Supreme Court of the Galactic Republic, the court of last resort and constitutional court at the Republic-level, is composed of thirteen Judges, namely twelve associate Justices and one chief Justice, the latter being the Head, not only of the supreme Court, but also of the entire Federal Judiciary of the Republic. The supreme Court and all other Republic-level Courts, are vested with the Power of judicial review. The Galactic Republic, at least at the Republic-level, is a Common Law legal jurisdiction, in which the Federal Judiciary of the Republic follows the legal Principle of stare decisis, whereby lower Courts are bound by the rulings and precedent set by higher Courts. Review of appeals or other Causes by the Republic supreme Court is entirely discretionary, meaning that the Republic supreme Court uses discretion in deciding which Cases or Controversies to hear on appeal. However, the Court does have original Jurisdiction over a small range of Cases or Controversies, mostly concerning disputes between Member Worlds/Systems of the Republic: In these situations the Republic supreme Court sits as a trial Court rather than as an appellate Court; however, while sitting as a trial Court, as when sitting as an appellate Court, all Rulings of the Republic supreme Court are final and not subject to appeal.

Below the Supreme Court in the Federal Judiciary of the Republic sit the regional Courts, which are Federal Courts of general Jurisdiction. These Courts are generally trial Courts, unlike the supreme Court which is largely an appellate court; and are vested with Jurisdiction over civil and criminal Cases and Controversies arising under the Constitution and Laws of the Republic in which such Jurisdiction is not by law vested in some other Court (including Courts of Member Worlds/Systems). Decisions rendered by regional Courts may be appealed to the Republic supreme Court; and Decisions rendered by the Courts of Member Worlds/Systems involving a question of Republic law may be appealed to the Republic regional Court responsible for that area of the Republic or, in some extraordinary situations, directly to the Republic supreme Court.

Politics
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Relationship with the Guardian Order
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Systems and worlds
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Economy
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Galactic Federal Bank
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Fiscal policy
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Trade
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Military
Under the present Constitution, the Galactic Republic does not possess its own military, nor does it have the authority to establish one or undertake any military-oriented mission except peacekeeping. Instead, the Galactic Congress may request the service of the military forces (or a portion thereof) of the various member States of the Republic; however, the member States’ military forces in the service of the Galactic Republic may only serve in the role of peacekeepers and not as a true military force. As expressly required by the Galactic Constitution, matters of a state security and defense nature are under the exclusive purview of the respective member States of the Republic.

Society and culture
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Demographics
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Languages
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Races, nations, and peoples
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Culture
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Cults, faiths, and religions
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Astrography and technology
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