Government of the United States


 * This article describes the federal government of the United States. See Government in the United States for other jurisdictions. For a description of politics and political institutions, see Politics of the United States.

The Government of the United States, also called the “Federal Government of the United States”, and also referred to as “[the] Union” or “[the] Confœderacy”, is the federal democratic administrative authority of the United States of North Aegea. As a constitutional republican federal union, the United States of North Aegea first came about in 1489 with the ratification of the United States Constitution, but was greatly re-organized in 1716 as a result of the ratification of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for the United States, an international agreement among the eighteen States composing the Union. The terms of this compact are embodied in the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for the United States, which was drawn up at the Constitutional Convention in Tucson, Arizona and ratified by the eighteen State Legislatures. The structure of the Federal Government may be examined in light of two distinct concepts, namely federal division of Power between the Union and the States, and the separation of powers of the Federal (Union) Government into executive, legislative, and judicial departments. Separation of powers is expressly entrenched in United States federal constitutional law in Article II-A of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for the United States, while Federalism is expressly entrenched in United States constitutional law in Article III of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for the United States.

General Government of the Union
The General Government of the Union, officially the “Government of the United States”, and also referred to as “[the] Union” or “[the] Confœderacy”, is the federal head of the Union and Confœderacy between the eighteen united States. This government possesses limited jurisdiction and competence, only able to exercise authority within those express, enumerated Powers. The federal Government does not possess these Powers by right; instead, the States severally delegated (but not surrendered) Authority to the Union to exercise a limited set of their own Powers on their collective behalf and in their collective name, until such time as the States severally rescind their delegation of Authority. All Powers not expressly delegated to the Union, nor expressly prohibited by the Federal Constitution to the States, are reserved exclusively to the States, to be exercised by them only.

Legislature
The legislative department of the Federal Government is the United States Congress, a bicameral legislature composed of an unelected Senate appointed by the State governments and an elected House of Representatives, chosen in each State by the citizens thereof. The Senate is the upper house of the Congress, while the House of Representatives is the lower house. "All legislative Powers herein delegated to the United States shall be vested in a Federal Legislature of the Union in the name and form of a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives."

The Congress has limited Power to legislate, the subjects on which it may legislate are few and explicitly defined in article II-B, section 8 of the Federal Constitution, and legislation of the Congress that embraces a subject not expressly enumerated in that section is ultra vires the Congress and, as such, unconstitutional and unenforceable.

Executive
The executive Power of the United States is vested solely in the Governor-General of the United States. He (or she) is required by the United States Constitution Treaty to "take Care that the Laws [of the United States] are faithfully executed."

Judiciary
The judicial Power of the United States is primarily vested in the Courts of the various States, but there is also a United States Federal Court that functions as the supreme Court, but only on Matters involving the Federal Constitution or Federal Law (also known as a "Federal Question controversy"); on all other Matters, the supreme Court of each State is the final Arbiter. Notably, the federal Court, as well as all other instrumentalities of the United States, is wholly unable to adjudicate on any and all Matters involving the Constitutions, Laws, or Treaties of the respective States.

Council and Commission of the States
The Council and Commission of the States is the intergovernmental arm of the United States, and is an institution that is neither a purely-Federal nor purely-State, but partly both. In its operation, it is Federal; but in its composition it is State.

Federal Council
The United States Federal Council is the supreme federal institution in and of the United States. It is composed of the chief Executive of each State (or his designee) and the Governor-General of the United States (or his designee), but the Governor-General (or his designee) has no Vote unless the Federal Council be equally divided (e.g., the Governor-General or his designee cannot Vote except to break a tie). The Federal Council is part-legislature, part-executive, and part-judiciary; and has various oversight Powers over the Congress, Governor-General, and Federal Court. In its oversight of the Congress, it can [...]. As to its oversight of the Governor-General and Federal Executive, it can dismiss the Governor-General and his Administration if the chief Executives from two-thirds of the States pass a motion of no confidence in him or his Administration. In exercising oversight over the Federal Court, the Federal Council can rescind or nullify decisions rendered by the Federal Court if, in their view, the Federal Court made a decision in error. As to oversight of all three departments, the Federal Council sits as a Council of Censors, in which it can audit, investigate, reprimand, and censure members of the legislative, executive, and judicial departments of the United States Government. It is also tasked with inspecting the statutes, regulations, and court decisions, and making recommendations to the Congress, Executive, and Federal Court, respectively, as to flaws or need for improvement, revision, or repeal in the laws of the Union.

Federal Commission
The United States Federal Commission is the administrative arm of the Federal Council, and exists to implement those interstate compacts (treaties) in which all eighteen States are members. The head of the Federal Commission is their President, who is nominated and, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Federal Council, appointed by the Governor-General. Once appointed, the President of the Federal Commission then nominates, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Federal Council, appoints the other seventeen members of the Federal Commission.