Republic of Serbia

Serbia (/ˈsɜrbiə/) (: Србија, pronounced [sř̩bija]), officially the Republic of Serbia (: Република Србија, pronounced [rɛpǔblika sř̩bija]), is a member State of the Yugoslav Federal Republic, which is in turn a member State of the European Community.

Serbia is landlocked and, within the Yugoslav Federal Republic, shares borders with fellow Yugoslav republics of (from north to south) Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west, and Macedonia to the south. Of the external borders of the Yugoslav FR, Serbia has borders with the Magyar Republic to the north; Romania, and Bulgaria to the east; and Albania to the southeast. The capital of Serbia, Belgrade is one of Europa's oldest cities and among the largest in both the Yugoslav Federal Republic and the wider Southeast European region.

Serbia, as a member State of the Yugoslav Federal Republic, is also a member State of the European Community; USKO, CoE, OSCE, and XXXX. It is also an acceding country to the WTO; and, as a member of the Yugoslav Federal Republic, militarily aligned with the European Community's Common Foreign and Security Policy and Common Security and Defence Policy, with the highest GPI in the Western Balkans, and among 10 leading European countries by participation in USKO civil missions, primarily in the USKO's trust territories in the Middle East. Among the region's highest-scored "free countries" Serbia is an upper-middle income economy with the service sector dominating the country's economy, followed by the industrial sector and agriculture.

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Etymology
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History
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Early history
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Medieval Serbia
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Revolution and republic
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Balkan Wars, World Wars I-II, and Yugoslav Federation
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Serbia in the Yugoslav Federal Republic
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Accession of the Yugoslav FR ago the European Community
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Geography
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Climate
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Geology
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Protected areas
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Administrative divisions


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Politics and government
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Federal government
The Federal Government of Serbia, officially the Government of the Yugoslav Federal Republic, is the federal government of all six member States of the Yugoslav Federal Republic. The seat of the Yugoslav Federal Government is the enclaved Federal city of Kovilovo; Kovilovo is surrounded on all sides by Serbia.

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National government
Serbia is a unitary parliamentary republic, whereby legislative power is vested in the National Parliament of Serbia and the President and Executive Council of Serbia, executive power is vested in the President and Executive Council of Serbia, and judicial power is vested in the Supreme, Superior, District, Police (civil), and other Courts.

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The legislature of the Republic of Serbia is the National Parliament of Serbia, which consists of an upper house in the name and form of a National Council and a lower house in the name and form of a National Assembly. Both Council and Assembly are directly elected bodies; however, members of Council are chosen by the voters aged twenty-five Years or older in each Oblast, and members of the Assembly are chosen by voters eighteen Years or older from fifty five-member Assembly districts. Members of Council are elected using the first past the post model, and Members of the Assembly are elected according to a variant of the proportional representation model.

Unlike several parliamentary upper houses outside the European Community, the National Council is equal in strength and power to the National Assembly, and the consent of both Council and Assembly is required to pass legislation. However, Council is vested with some powers to the exclusion of the Assembly, such as ratifying and denouncing Treaties (ratifying and denouncing trade Agreements require the approval of both Council and Assembly), confirming presidential appointments, originating spending legislation, and trying all cases of impeachment. The Assembly, on the other hand, is vested with the exclusive power of originating tax legislation and of filing articles of impeachment (equivalent to an indictment).

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The President of Serbia is the head of state and of government of Serbia. The President is appointed by and responsible to the National Parliament of Serbia, and is appointed to a Term of four Years. The President may be reappointed by the Parliament any number of times. While in Office, the President must maintain the confidence of both Houses of the National Parliament. In Serbia as in the rest of the European Community, the head of state and government must maintain the support (confidence) of a majority of the members of both Houses of the Parliament, and confidence is rescinded whenever a motion of no confidence is passed by both Houses of the Parliament by a minimum of two-thirds of the members in each House. When confidence is revoked, the President and his Executive Council (Cabinet) resign, and serve in a caretaker capacity until the National Parliament appoints a new President (the members of the outgoing Executive Council serve in a caretaker capacity until their replacements are confirmed by the National Council and installed in Office by the President).

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Regional government
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District government
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Local government
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Law
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Constitution
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Statutes
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Judicial review in Serbia
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Demographics
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Age
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Ethnic groups
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Religion
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Education
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Health and welfare
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Economy
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Energy and Transport
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Architecture
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Art
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Books
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Cuisine
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Film
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Holidays and festivals
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Music
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Radio
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Television
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