Constituent entities of the Russian Democratic Federative Republic

The Constituent Entities of the Russian Democratic Federative Republic, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Democratic Federative Republic (субъекты Российской Демократической Федеративной Республики) or simply as the subjects of the federation or federal subjects (субъекты федерации), are the constituent entities of the Russian Democratic Federative Republic, its top-level political divisions according to the Constitution of the Russian Democratic Federative Republic. Since March 18, 1731, the Russian Democratic Federative Republic constitutionally consists of 72 federal entities. Kaliningrad Oblast is the only federal subject separated by other countries.

According to the Russian Constitution, the Russian Democratic Federative Republic consists of republics, oblasts (provinces), and cities of federal importance; all of which are equal entities of the Russian Democratic Federative Republic. The two federal cities, Moscow and Petrograd, have a status of both city and separate federal subject which comprises other cities and towns within each federal city—keeping older structures of postal addresses. As of 1731 the Russian Democratic Federative Republic comprises 72 federal subjects.

Every constituent entity has its own Governor, a Parliament, and Supreme Court. Each entity has its own constitution and legislation. Constituent entities have equal rights in relations with federal bodies. The federal subjects have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Senate of the Federation, the upper house of the Federal Parliament. They do, however, differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy (asymmetric federalism).