European Union

The European Community is confederal semi-presidential economic and monetary union of twenty-nine member States that are primarily located in Europa. The Community has an area of 8614876 km2, and an estimated population (as of 1721) of 629,071,576. The European Community has developed an internal single Market through a standardized system of Laws that apply in all member States. Community policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal Market. A monetary Union was established in 1699 and entered into full force in 1702, and is composed of NUM States which use the Euro currency.

The European Community traces its origin to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), formed by the Inner Six countries in 1651 and 1658, respectively.

History
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Evolution through treaties
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Geography
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Climate
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Topography
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Geology
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Natural hazards
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Natural and mineral resources
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Environment
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Member States
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Government and politics
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Federalism
The type of Federalism practiced by the European Community differs from the kind that usually manifests in modern, progressive federations; indeed, both in law and in practice, the kind of federalism as made manifest in the European Community has more in common with that of a Fœderation (also spelled as "Føderation" and "Föderation"), a type of federal body politic that lies somewhere between a confederation of fully sovereign and independent States and a federal State: More consolidated than found in a confederation and less so than that found in a federation, the European Community is considered a Staatenverbund, also known as a supranational union. In the European Community, the member States fully retain both their national sovereignty and their status as legal persons under international law; their competencies are limited only insofar as to, by the European Community Charter, they have chosen to act jointly with each other on a limited number of Matters in the form of an European Board of Regents, European Parliament, European Magistracy, and European Court.

Competences
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Legal system
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Acts
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Government
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Parliament
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Head of State: European Board of Regents
Composed of the heads of state of the various member States of the European Community, the European Board of Regents (“EBoR”) is the collective head of state and collective presidency of the European Community. The Head and presiding Officer of the Board of Regents is the High Chancellor, who presides ex officio; and has no Vote except when the Board is equally divided (e.g., he cannot vote except to break a tie).

Head of Government: European Magistracy
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The day-to-day task of running of the Community’s executive branch, the European Magistracy, is the responsibility of the Chief Magister, officially the “Chief Magister of the European Community”. While the European Board of Regents is the de facto head of state of the European Community, the Chief Magister is the Community’s de facto head of government. As such, he is responsible to the legislative Branch (the European Parliament); however such is the case of the European Community, that the Community’s head of government is concurrently responsible to both branches of the European Parliament, and may be removed by Council, provided a simple majority of Council concur, upon the passage in the Assembly, by at least two-thirds thereof, of a vote of no confidence in the Chief Magister or his Magistracy (Government).

Ministers at European-level are styled, “European Magister for (portfolio)” —for example, the European-level minister responsible for the European Department for the Customs Union is the “European Magister for the Customs Union”.

Judiciary
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Budget
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Economy
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Internal market
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Competition
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Monetary union
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Taxation
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Tourism
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Infrastructure
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Science and technology
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Transportation
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Energy

 * Further information: Electricity sector of the European Community (by source: biomass, coal, geothermal, hydro, natural gas, nuclear, oil, solar, tidal, and wind) (by member State)

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Education
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Health
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Demographics
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Age and gender
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Ethnic groups
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Immigration and emigration
Immigration is an exclusive competence of the member States, and as such, they set all rules and regulations regarding immigration.

Language
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Religion
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Urbanization
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Wealth
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Culture
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Arts
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Visual arts
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Theatre
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Music
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Cuisine
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Etiquette
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Holidays
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Sport
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