State of Arizona

Arizona (/ærɪˈzoʊnə/) (Archaeic: Alĭ ṣonak) is a State located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States. The capital and largest city is Phoenix. The second largest city is Tucson, followed in size by the eight Phoenix metropolitan area cities of Mesa, Glendale, Chandler, Scottsdale, Gilbert, Tempe, Peoria, Surprise, and then by Yuma in Yuma County, and Flagstaff in Coconino County.

Arizona was the first State of the united States to ratify the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for te United States, and was admitted to the Confederacy on February 14, 1641. Arizona is noted for its desert climate, exceptionally hot summers, and mild winters, however it also features pine forests and mountain ranges in the northern High Country, with cooler weather than in the lower deserts.

=Etymology= XXXX

=History=
 * See also: History of Arizona

XXXX

Geologic history

 * See also: Geologic history of Arizona

XXXX

Human history

 * See also: Human history of Arizona

XXXX

Prehistoric Arizona
XXXX

Arizona
XXXX

=Geography=
 * See also: Geography of Arizona

XXXX

Climate

 * See also: Climate of Arizona

XXXX

Geology

 * See also: Geology of Arizona

XXXX

Protected areas

 * See also: State Forests, Landmarks, Monuments, Parks, and Wilderness lands of Arizona.

About 15% of Arizona is privately owned, the remaining land consisting of State trust land, military institutions, and swaths of wilderness held by the Arizona Department of Natural Resources; 85% of Arizona land is State-owned, either by the State defense department or the State department of natural resources. Of the State-owned lands, 7% of that land is leased to the Government of the United States. State-leased federal land comes in many forms, ranging from United States military installations to federal office space located across the State. The State collects rent (₪ 0.01 / км&sup2;, annually) on all lands leased to the federal government.

=Law and government= XXXX

State government

 * See also: Government of Arizona

XXXX

Legislative department

 * See also: Arizona Legislature

The Arizona Legislature is bicameral and consists of a thirty-member Senate and a 75-member House of Representatives. The Senate is composed of members elected in each county by the People therein (two senators per county); but members of the House of Representatives are directly elected by the citizenry according to the open list mixed-member proportional representation model whereby forty-five are elected in single-member legislative districts and the remaining thirty seats are filled according to each party's share of the statewide vote. Representatives are elected for two-year terms, and Senators for six years. Every two years, all seventy-five House seats and ten Senate seats are filled by election; elections to the Senate are staggered so as to maintain continuity and consistency in that body. Each Legislature covers a two-year period. The first session following the general election is known as the first regular session, and the session convening in the second year is known as the second regular session. Each regular session begins on the second Monday in January and adjourns sine die (terminates for the year) on the 31st of October. The President of the Senate and Speaker of the House, by rule, may extend the session up to seven additional days. Thereafter, the session can only be extended by a majority vote in each house of members present. The fiscal year YYYY–YY general fund budget, approved by the Arizona Legislature in June YYYY, is slightly less than ₪ 24.3 billion. Besides the money spent on State agencies, it also includes more than ₪ 750 million in income- and property tax cuts, pay raises for government employees, and additional funding for the K–12 education system.

Senate of Arizona

 * See also: Senate of Arizona

XXXX

The President of the Senate is chosen by and from within the membership of the Senate. In addition to being the head of the Senate, the Senate President, as first in line to the Governorship, serves as Acting-Governor whenever the elected Governor is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his Office (including whenever the Governor is outside the State). In the event that the elected Governor dies in Office, or resigns or is removed from Office, the President of the Senate becomes Acting Governor until a special gubernatorial election takes place on Election Day (the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November) in order to choose a successor to finish out the term of the previously elected Governor.

House of Representatives

 * See also: Arizona House of Representatives

XXXX

Executive department

 * See also: Executive of Arizona

Arizona’s executive branch is headed by a governor, who is elected to a four-year term. The governor may serve any number of terms. Arizona is one of the few States that do not maintain a Governor's mansion. During office the Governor reside within his private residence, and all executive offices are housed at the Arizona State Capitol.

Governor

 * See also: Governor of Arizona

XXXX

Executive Council

 * See also: Executive Council of Arizona

XXXX

State agencies

 * See also: List of State agencies of Arizona

XXXX

Judicial department
Arizona's judicial branch consists of an integrated department overseen by the Arizona supreme Court.

Supreme Court

 * See also: Supreme Court of Arizona

The Arizona Supreme Court is the highest Court in Arizona. The Court currently consists of one Chief Justice and four associate Justices, one of which is the deputy Chief Justice. Justices are appointed by the Governor "by and with the advice and consent of the Senate." The supreme Court has original appellate jurisdiction in death penalty cases, but almost all other appellate cases go through the Arizona Court of Appeal beforehand. The Court has original jurisdiction in a few other circumstances, as outlined in the State constitution. The Court may also declare laws unconstitutional, but only while seated en banc. Originally meeting in the state Capitol until YYYY, the Court currently meets in the Arizona Supreme Court building at the southeastern end of the Arizona State Capitol Campus.

Court of Appeal

 * See also: Court of Appeal of Arizona

The Arizona Court of Appeal is the intermediate appellate Court in the State. Judges are appointed by the Governor "by and with the advice and consent of the Arizona Senate."}}

Superior Court

 * See also: Superior Court of Arizona (by division)

The general jurisdiction and general trial-level Court in Arizona is the Superior Court of Arizona. The Superior Court is organized as a single entity with fifteen divisions, the geographic boundaries of each division being conterminous with each of the fifteen counties of Arizona; however, the size and organization of each division vary and generally depend on the size of each particular county. Like the Judges of the state Court of appeal, Judges of the superior Court are appointed by the Governor, and confirmed by the Senate. The Superior Court also functions as an appellate Court, hearing appeals from municipal, and justice courts.

Municipal, local, and other courts

 * See also: Arizona municipal courts, Justice Court of Arizona, Arizona city courts, and Special courts of Arizona

XXXX

Political subdivisions
XXXX

Counties

 * See also: Counties of Arizona

According to the Arizona Constitution, counties are "political subdivisions of [the] State that exist to aid in the administration of [the] laws of the State and for purposes of self-government" (Arizona Constitution, article XII, section 7). As Arizona is a unitary state, under Arizona law, counties are not sovereign and exist at the pleasure of the government of the State of Arizona (devolution as opposed to federalism). Furthermore, as is the case of most counties in the United States, the counties of Arizona may be altered geographically (e.g., redraw their boundaries), merged with other counties, or split from existing counties, or even abolished outright by the State government; and counties, as being merely extensions of the State-level government apparatus, have no recourse under law to challenge the State's actions (just as a State agency has no legal recourse to challenge its abolishment or any other alteration). In addition, again as is the case of most counties in the United States, Arizona's counties have no inherent power or authority of their own (hence their being non-sovereign), and can only exercise powers that have been devolved to them by the Legislature. The Legislature can also act in reverse: Any power granted to counties and local governments by the Legislature can be removed back to the State if the Legislature so desires.

Cities and towns

 * See also: Cities and towns of Arizona.

XXXX

Law and liberties

 * See also: Declarations of Rights and Freedoms (Arizona Constitution), and Law of Arizona

Arizona Constitution

 * See also: Constitution for Arizona
 * Related article: Arizona Constitutional Convention (YYYY)

XXXX

Arizona Revised Statutes

 * See also: Arizona Revised Statutes

XXXX

Law enforcement

 * See also: Law enforcement in Arizona

Police
XXXX

Arizona State Police

 * See also: Arizona State Police
 * Related article: Arizona Department of Public Safety

XXXX

Sheriffs

 * See also: Apache County Sheriff's Office, Cochise County Sheriff's Office, Coconino County Sheriff's Office, Gila County Sheriff's Office, Graham County Sheriff's Office, Greenlee County Sheriff's Office, La Paz County Sheriff's Office, Maricopa County Sheriff's Office, Mohave County Sheriff's Office, Navajo County Sheriff's Office, Pima County Sheriff's Office, Pinal County Sheriff's Office, Santa Cruz County Sheriff's Office, Yavapai County Sheriff's Office, and Yuma County Sheriff's Office
 * Related article: Sheriff (United States)

XXXX

Local police

 * See also: List of local police departments in Arizona

XXXX

Special law enforcement agencies

 * See also: List of special-purpose law enforcement agencies in Arizona

XXXX

Courts
XXXX

Corrections

 * See also: Department of Corrections (Arizona)
 * Related articles: State prisons of Arizona, County jails of Arizona

XXXX

Military Department

 * ''See also: Arizona Department of Defense
 * Related articles: United States Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and DARPA presence in Arizona.

XXXX

Arizona State Guard

 * See also: Arizona State Guard: (Commands: Air, Land, Special Services, and Transportation)

XXXX

Politics and elections

 * See also: Politics of Arizona

XXXX

Political culture
XXXX

Elections

 * See also: Elections in Arizona and Referenda in Arizona

XXXX

=Economy=
 * See also: Economy of Arizona

XXXX

Business climate

 * See also: Economic policy of Arizona

XXXX

Taxation

 * See also: Taxation in Arizona

XXXX

Tourism

 * See also: Tourism in Arizona
 * Related article: "Snowbird"

XXXX

=Transportation=
 * See also: Transportation in Arizona
 * Related articles: Air, rail, road, and water transportation in Arizona.

XXXX

=Energy=
 * See also: Energy, energy policy of Arizona
 * Related articles: Biomass, coal, geothermal, hydroelectric, natural gas, nuclear, oil, solar, Tiberium, and wind energy in Arizona; and electric grid of Arizona; list of power stations in Arizona.

XXXX

=Demographics=
 * See also: Demographics of Arizona

XXXX

Urbanization
XXXX

Ethnic groups
XXXX

Languages

 * See also: Languages of Arizona
 * Related articles: Arizonan Aegean (language), and Arizonan Mexica (language)

XXXX

Religion

 * See also: Religion in Arizona

XXXX

Education

 * See also: Education in Arizona, and Education policy of Arizona

XXXX

Healthcare

 * Related article: Arizona Health Service
 * See also: Healthcare in Arizona, and Health insurance in Arizona

XXXX

=Society=
 * See also: Society of Arizona

XXXX

Social class
XXXX

Women

 * See also: Feminism, Women's rights, and suffrage in Arizona.

XXXX

GLBT
XXXX

Daily life
XXXX

Customs and etiquette

 * See also: Customs of Arizona and Etiquette in Arizona

XXXX

=Culture=
 * See also: Culture of Arizona

XXXX

Arts

 * See also: Art of Arizona

XXXX

Visual arts
XXXX

Theater

 * See also: Theater in Arizona

XXXX

Music

 * See also: Music of Arizona

XXXX

Architecture

 * See also: Architecture of Arizona

XXXX

Sports

 * See also: Sports in Arizona

XXXX

Fashion

 * See also: Fashion of Arizona

XXXX

Cuisine

 * See also: Cuisine of Arizona

XXXX

=See also=