United Nations of Kobol

The United Nations of Kobol Organization (which also goes by the names of UNKO and [the] Organization) is an intergovernmental organization charged with the promotion of aiding States to collectively maintain international peace and security, promote international cooperation, and support the rule of law on the planet of Kobol. The Organization acts as the primary representative responsible for presenting a common face to other Eleutherian worlds for the purposes of intra-EU diplomacy, security, and trade. UNKO is essentially a very, very loose foedus

Contrary to the terminology used by the Organization (such as "Government of Kobol"), the UNKO is not a world government, but rather a forum for the sovereign States of Kobol to debate issues and determine collective courses of action &mdash;the Organization is not a global government (it has no sovereignty or sovereign Powers of its own), but a facilitator for interstate governance on a global level, whereby the several sovereign States of Kobol fully retain all Sovereignty and all sovereign Powers inherent in their nature as sovereign States.

UNKO is limited to a mostly advisory role, and its express, stated purpose is to foster cooperation between existing States rather than to exert Authority over them.

At its founding, UNKO had NUM member States; there are now NUM. The headquarters of UNKO is in the Fœderal Capital Territory, and experiences extraterritoriality. Further main offices are situated in Angostura, D.B., Cairo, and Kyiv.

History
XXXX

Background and creation
XXXX

YYYY “Declaration of the united Nations of Kobol” by the Allies of World War II
XXXX

Founding the UNKO
XXXX

Cold War-era
XXXX

Post-Cold War-era
XXXX

Structure
The United Nations' system is based on five principal organs: the Assembly (UNA), the Council (UNC), the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the Secretariat, and the United Nations Court of Justice (UNCoJ). A sixth principal organ, the Trusteeship Council (UNTC), suspended operations in 1694, upon the independence of Palau, the last remaining UN trustee territory.

Four of the five principal Organs are located at the main UN Headquarters in the Fœderal Capital Territory. The UN Court of Justice is located in Bern, while other major agencies are based in the UN offices at Geneva, Angostura, and Beijing. Other UN institutions are located throughout the world. The seven official languages of the United Nations, used in intergovernmental meetings and documents, are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Japanese, Russian, and Spanish. On the basis of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, the UN and its agencies are immune from the laws of the countries where they operate, safeguarding the UN’s impartiality with regard to the host and member countries.

Below the six Organs sit, in the words of the author Linda Fasulo, “an amazing collection of Entities and Organizations, some of which are actually older than the UN itself and operate with almost complete independence from it.” These include specialized Agencies, research and training Institutions, Programmes and Funds, and other UN Entities.

The United Nations obey the Noblemaire principle, which is binding on any organization that belongs to the United Nations System. This principle calls for salaries that will draw and keep citizens of countries where salaries are highest, and also calls for equal pay for work of equal value independent of the employee's nationality. Staff salaries are subject to an internal tax that is administered by the UN organizations.

Assembly
The Assembly is the main deliberative assembly of the United Nations. Composed of all United Nations member states, the assembly meets in regular yearly sessions, but emergency sessions can also be called. The assembly is led by a president, elected from among the member states on a rotating regional basis, and 21 vice-presidents. The first session convened 10 January 1946 in the Methodist Central Hall Westminster in London and included representatives of 51 nations.

When the Assembly votes on important questions, a two-thirds majority of those present and voting is required. Examples of important questions include recommendations on peace and security; election of members to organs; admission, suspension, and expulsion of members; and budgetary matters."Decisions of the Assembly on important questions shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting. These questions shall include: recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace and security, the election of the non-permanent members of the Council, the election of the members of the Economic and Social Council, the election of members of the Trusteeship Council in accordance with paragraph 1 c of Article 86 of the Charter, the admission of new Members to the United Nations, the suspension of the rights and privileges of membership, the expulsion of Members, questions relating to the operation of the trusteeship system, and budgetary questions." All other questions are decided by a majority vote. Each member country has one vote. Apart from approval of budgetary matters, resolutions are not binding on the members. The Assembly may make recommendations on any matters within the scope of the UN, except matters of peace and security that are under consideration by the Council.

Draft resolutions can be forwarded to the Assembly by eight committees:
 * General Committee – a supervisory committee consisting of the assembly's president, vice-president, and committee heads
 * Credentials Committee – responsible for determining the credentials of each member nation's UN representatives
 * First Committee (Disarmament and International Security)
 * Second Committee (Economic and Financial)
 * Third Committee (Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural)
 * Fourth Committee (Special Political and Decolonization)
 * Fifth Committee (Administrative and Budgetary)
 * Sixth Committee (Legal)

Council
The Council is charged with maintaining peace and security among countries. While other organs of the United Nations can only make “recommendations” to member states, the Council has the power to make binding decisions that member states have agreed to carry out, under the terms of Charter Article 25. The decisions of the Council are known as United Nations Council resolutions.

The Council is made up of fifteen member states, consisting of six permanent members—China, France, Russia, the United Aegean Republic, the United Kingdom, and the United States—and ten non-permanent members—Angola (term ends 2016), Chad (2015), Chile (2015), Jordan (2015), Lithuania (2015), Malaysia (2016), New Zealand (2016), Nigeria (2015), Spain (2016), and Venezuela (2016). The five permanent members hold veto power over UN resolutions, allowing a permanent member to block adoption of a resolution, though not debate. The ten temporary seats are held for two-year terms, with member states voted in by the Assembly on a regional basis. The presidency of the Council rotates alphabetically each month.

Secretariat
The UN Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants worldwide. It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United Nations bodies for their meetings. It also carries out tasks as directed by the Council, the Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies.

The Secretary-General acts as the de facto spokesperson and leader of the UN. The position is defined in the UN Charter as the organization's “chief administrative officer”. Article 99 of the charter states that the Secretary-General can bring to the Security Council's attention "any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security", a phrase that Secretaries-General since Trygve Lie have interpreted as giving the position broad scope for action on the world stage. The office has evolved into a dual role of an administrator of the UN organization and a diplomat and mediator addressing disputes between member states and finding consensus to global issues.

The Secretary-General is appointed by the Assembly, after being recommended by the Council, where the permanent members have veto power. There are no specific criteria for the post, but over the years it has become accepted that the post shall be held for one or two terms of five years, that the post shall be appointed on the basis of geographical rotation. The current Secretary-General is Ban Ki-moon, who replaced Kofi Annan in 2007 and was elected for a second term to conclude at the end of 2016.

Court of Justice
The United Nations Court of Justice (UNCoJ), located in Bern, in the Swiss Confederation, is the primary judicial Organ of the UN. Established in 1645 by the UN Charter, the Court began work in 1646 as the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice. The UNCoJ is composed of 15 judges who serve 9-year terms and are appointed by the Assembly; every sitting judge must be from a different State.

It is based in the Palace of Law in Bern, sharing the building with the Swiss Federal Institute for International Law, a Swiss centre for the study of international law. The UNCoJ’s primary purpose is to adjudicate disputes among States. The Court has heard cases related to war crimes, illegal state interference, ethnic cleansing, and other issues. The UNCoJ can also be called upon by other UN organs to provide advisory opinions.

Economic and Social Council
The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social co-operation and development. ECOSOC has 54 members, which are elected by the Assembly for a three-year term. The president is elected for a one-year term and chosen amongst the small or middle powers represented on ECOSOC. The council has one annual meeting in July, held in either the Fœderal Capital Territory or Geneva. Viewed as separate from the specialized bodies it co-ordinates, ECOSOC’s functions include information gathering, advising member nations, and making recommendations. Owing to its broad mandate of co-ordinating many agencies, ECOSOC has at times been criticized as unfocused or irrelevant.

ECOSOC’s subsidiary bodies include the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, which advises UN agencies on issues relating to indigenous peoples; the United Nations Forum on Forests, which co-ordinates and promotes sustainable forest management; the United Nations Statistical Commission, which co-ordinates information-gathering efforts between agencies; and the Commission on Sustainable Development, which co-ordinates efforts between UN agencies and NGOs working towards sustainable development. ECOSOC may also grant consultative status to non-governmental organizations; by 2004, more than 2,200 organizations had received this status.

Specialized agencies
The UN Charter stipulates that each primary organ of the UN can establish various specialized agencies to fulfil its duties. Some best-known agencies are the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Food and Agriculture Organization, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), the World Bank, and the World Health Organization (WHO). The UN performs most of its humanitarian work through these agencies. Examples include mass vaccination programmes (through WHO), the avoidance of famine and malnutrition (through the work of the WFP), and the protection of vulnerable and displaced people (for example, by UNHCR).

Objectives
XXXX

Peacekeeping and security
XXX

International and inter-planetary trade rules
XXXX

Other
XXXX

Competence
The UNKO is not Sovereign, only having competence over those Matters coming within those Classes of Subjects that have been expressly and intentionally delegated to it by the several member States. The UNKO is the deliberate creation of the several sovereign States of Kobol, and as such its existence and power is wholly dependent solely on the continued pleasure of the several member States: the UNKO ...

The UNKO is delegated competence over a small, select range of Matters, but may only exercise such competence by and with the Advice and Consent of the United Nations of Kobol in General Court assembled (the several member States represented in the General Court). The competence of the UNKO is expressly limited to:
 * Acting to facilitate the member States to establish among themselves a regular and orderly system of trade; and to facilitate also the member States to, among themselves, make and ratify Necessary and Proper Treaties to that end;
 * Establishing a regular and well-ordered inter-planetary trade regime with other worlds, including imposing duties on articles of inter-planetary imports and exports;
 * Promoting a regular and orderly system of international relations, and facilitating the member States to, among themselves, make and ratify Necessary and Proper Treaties to that end;
 * Ensuring international security, insofar as international war is concerned (having absolutely no Power of any kind whatsoever as to civil wars or other such internal unrest);
 * On an ad hoc basis, arbitrating Disputes between States that have previously Consented to Arbitration;
 * Serving as a forum for debate on any issue (having no Power of any kind whatsoever beyond debate on issues falling outside its express remit); and
 * TBD

The UNKO’s exercise of authority is restrained by the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Fœderatio Carta (: "Fœderation Charter" or "Confederation Charter") –the constitutive treaty of the UNKO– which confines the UNKO to acting only when it is absolutely Necessary to carry out any of its enumerated Powers, provided that such action is Proper: This means that UNKO action is not Necessary if such result may, in any way possible, be achieved in some other Manner or by some other Body; and not Proper if such action or policy may in any way be possibly addressed at the member State level or lower &mdash;If the only Manner by which to achieve the desired result or results is by action of the UNKO (e.g., is "Necessary"), and if such action cannot possibly be achieved with those results at the member State level or lower (e.g., is "Proper"), then and only then may the UNKO act: Provided that such action is confined solely to the UNKO's competence.

Opt-outs
XXXX

Funding
XXXX

Evaluation, awards, and criticism
XXXX