State of Hawaiʻi

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= Etymology = XXXX

= History = XXXX

Geologic history
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Human history
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Prehistoric Hawaiʻi
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Contemporary Hawaiʻi
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= Geography =
 * Main article: Geography of Hawaiʻi

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Climate
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Geology


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Islands


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Major Islands


The islands of Hawaii, Maui, Kahoolawe, Lānai, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau –the largest eight of the Hawaiian Islands– are called "Hawaiʻi Major". The island of Hawaii is both the largest and easternmost of the Hawaiian Islands as well as the southernmost; and Niihau is both the smallest and westernmost of Hawaiʻi Major and also the northernmost of them. The islands of Hawaii Major are also the youngest of all the Hawaiian Islands.

Hawaii, The Big Isle


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Maui, The Valley Isle


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Kahoolawe, The Target Isle


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Lānai, The Pineapple Isle


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Molokai, The Friendly Isle


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Oahu, The Gathering Isle


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Kauai, The Garden Isle


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Niihau, The Forbidden Isle


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Minor islands


Consisting of XXXX atolls and small islets, the minor outlying Hawaiʻian islands are collectively called "Hawaiʻi Minor". Hawaiʻi Minor also includes the numerous coral reefs and submerged seamounts composing the Hawaiʻian–Emperor seamount chain that stretch from Nihoa all the way to the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench off the east coast of the Russian republic of Kamchatka. XXXX

Protected areas
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Politics


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State government


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Legislative department


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Legislature


The legislative Power of the State of Hawaiʻi is vested in the Hawaiʻi Legislature. The Hawaiʻi Legislature is bicameral, consisting of an upper house called Senate and a lower house called House of Representatives. Members of both Houses of the Legislature are elected by the People; however, the Manner and Method used to elect Members differs between the Senate and the House of Representatives: Members of the Senate are chosen on a geographic basis, where the eight largest Islands, respectively, each constitute one Senate District, and Hawaiʻi Minor as a whole counts as one Senate District; and the People of each Senate District choose from among their Number two Senators. The Term of Members of the Senate is six Years, and elections for the Senate are staggered so that every two Years the Seats of one-third of the Senate (six Seats) are filled by election. The sixty-nine Members of the House of Representatives, on the other hand, are chosen using a system of open list mixed-member proportional representation, whereby thirty-eight (roughly 55%) are chosen in single-member Districts, and the Seats of the remaining 31 (roughly 45%) are distributed among the various political parties participating in the election.

Senate


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House of Representatives


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Executive department


The State of Hawaiʻi is organized under a variant of the semi-presidential system, whereby the executive Power of the State is vested in an integrated executive branch with the Monarch at the head. The power vested in the executive branch is divided between two distinct, yet not truly separate, agencies, namely the Monarch itself, and the Secretary of Administration. The Monarch is mainly responsible for foreign, defense, security, public safety, legal counsel, justice and corrections, and state affairs generally, while the Secretary of State is responsible for everything else. Portfolios relative to foreign, military, public safety, emergency management, justice and corrections, constitutional and rule of law, national security, education, elections, land and natural resources, veterans, and local government affairs are subordinated to the Monarch, and, by law, those departments and agencies with any of the above portfolios are under the control of the Monarch. On the other hand, departments and agencies of any other portfolio are subordinated to the Secretary of Administration, and the law mandates that ministers with any portfolio not subordinated to the Monarch report to the Secretary of State instead. However, the State Constitution vests the Monarch with supervisory, oversight, and management powers over the entire executive branch.

By law, the Secretary of Administration is also the formal head of the Hawaiʻi State Treasury (ex officio), and the two posts are indivisible and inseparable; however, in practice, the Treasurer of the State of Hawaiʻi is responsible for seeing to the day-to-day administration and management of the Treasury &mdash;On the other hand, the Secretary of Revenue is the State's chief banker and is responsible for ensuring that the State's finances are in proper order.

Government of Hawaiʻi


The executive branch consists of the Monarch and those to whom the Monarch delegates power. The Monarch is head of state, as well as the military Commander-in-Chief and chief Diplomat. The Monarch, as required by the Constitution, must "take care that the laws be faithfully executed", and "preserve, protect and defend the Constitution". The Monarch is also the formal head the executive branch of the State government, an organization numbering about XXXX people, including XXXX active-duty military personnel. The XXXX and current Monarch is King Kameāloha I of the House of Laʻanui-Kamehameha.

The Monarch may sign legislation passed by the Legislature into Law or may veto it, preventing it from becoming Law unless two-thirds of both Houses of the Legislature Vote to override the veto. The Monarch may unilaterally sign Treaties with other States; however, signed Treaties are not binding until ratified in the Senate by a two-thirds Majority of all Senators, and ratified Treaties are not enforceable until enacted into domestic Law by the Legislature. The Monarch may dissolve the Legislature, but only upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Administration; he also has the Power to call special Elections, to Pardon, or release, criminals convicted of offenses against the State (except in cases of Impeachment), enact Orders-in-Council (e.g., "Executive Orders"), and (by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate) appoint supreme Court justices and Judges of lower Courts, Heads of Executive ministries and those of agencies with ministry-level status. The Monarch also appoints, in and for each County the Sheriff and Advocate-General thereof, by and with the Advice and Consent of the County legislative council.



The Monarch is the fount of all state authority in Hawaiʻi and all levels of government and the branches thereof, respectively, formally act in his name and at his pleasure; however, successive Monarchs have, over time, divided the executive Power between the Monarch himself and a Secretary of Administration, resulting in a framework that is functionally similar to the relationship between a head of state and a head of government in a semi-presidential republic.

The Secretary of Administration is appointed by the Monarch, by and with the Advice and Consent of both Houses of the Hawaiʻi Legislature, for a Term of four Years, and his successfully serving out his Term depends on his continuously maintaining the Confidence of the Legislature for the duration of his Commission. However, while the Secretary of Administration, by law, serves at the pleasure of the Monarch, in modern practice the Monarch of the day tends to defer to the Legislature relative to Matters of responsible government.



The King and the Secretary of Administration, and the ministries and agencies that are subordinated to each of them, respectively, collectively compose the Government. Officially the "Hawaiʻi Integrated Executive Department", the Government, pursuant to the Constitution, is responsible for carrying out the will of the Legislature (e.g., enforcing the various Laws enacted by the Legislature, provided that they are not repugnant to the Constitution).

The Monarch is assisted and advised by his Privy Council, a formal body of advisers to the Monarch. The Privy Council is made up of senior politicians, including the Secretary of Administration and the heads of the various ministries and agencies with ministry-level status, both those that report to the Secretary of Administration and those that are subordinated directly to the Monarch. The Privy Council, collectively, act as a sort of collegial chief of staff and senior advisor on the affairs of the State, and, separately, the individual members of the Privy Council act as the senior advisor to the Monarch on all matters relative to their respective portfolio. As the Monarch, by law and practice, is the fount of all authority in the state, the Monarch also presides over all meetings of the Privy Council.

Offices subordinated to the King of Hawaiʻi
 * Department of State and Foreign Affairs
 * Department of Public Safety
 * Department of Law and Justice
 * Department of Corrections
 * Department of Homeland Security
 * Department of Defense
 * Department of Veteran Services
 * Department of Education
 * Department of Home Affairs
 * Department of Land and Natural Resources

Offices subordinated to the Secretary of Administration
 * Department of Administration
 * Department of Revenue
 * Department of Weights and Measures
 * Department of Agriculture
 * Department of Trade and Industry
 * Department of Financial Institutions
 * Department of Insurance
 * Department of Fire, Building, and Life Safety
 * Department of Transportation
 * Department of Health Services
 * Department of Economic Security
 * Department of Housing
 * Department of Real Estate
 * Department of Liquor Licensing
 * Department of Gaming
 * Department of Energy
 * Department of Water Resources
 * Department of Environmental Quality

The Heads of Departments subordinated to the Monarch are styled "Secretary of State for (portfolio)", usually shortened to "Secretary of (portfolio)". On the other hand, other than the Department of Administration, which is headed by the Secretary of Administration, the Heads of Departments subordinated to the Secretary of Administration are styled "Minister" in the form, "Minister of (portfolio)"; however, "Minister for (portfolio)" is also acceptable.

Judicial department


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Supreme Court


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Superior Court


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Municipal, local, and other courts


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Local government
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Counties


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In and for each County there is an Aliʻi (: "Chief"), commissioned (elected) by the voters thereof, for a Term of three Years. Of the eight largest Counties, each of them being also conterminous with the respective eight largest islands composing the State, the Aliʻi of each of them, respectively, is the titular leader of that island and the chief executive officer of the corresponding county: However, the ninth, and largest county (ʻImepeliala County), which consists of all of Hawaiʻi Minor, is administered from Honolulu, on the Island-County of Oʻahu by the Aliʻi of Hawaiʻi Minor (ipso facto also Aliʻi of ʻImepeliala County).

The Aliʻi are the chief public representatives and chief executive officer of their respective Counties, and are vested with substantial executive and administrative powers; however, most of the day-to-day administration of each County is left in the hands of the County's Minister-President, a post which is analogous to a chief administrative officer or an otherwise subnational first ministers elsewhere. Reflective of the mixed presidential-parliamentary nature of Hawaiʻi at the State-level, in each County, the Minister-President thereof is appointed by the Aliʻi, on the recommendation of the County legislative assembly, to a Term of three Years, conterminous with the Term of the respective Aliʻi. However, while Ministers-President serve at the pleasure of their Aliʻi, and while Aliʻi have the power to appoint and remove their Minister-President at will, in like Manner as to the King and the Secretary of Administration, Aliʻi in modern times tend to defer to their County's legislative assembly on matters of responsible government, appointing their Minister-President on the recommendation of their County's legislative assembly and also dismissing him when the County's legislative assembly rejects his (the Minister-President's) budget proposal or otherwise expresses a lack of confidence in the Minister-President personally or the County government as a whole.

Counties in Hawaiʻi operate under a form of cabinet government.

Cities and towns


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Law enforcement


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Military Department


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Hawaiʻi State Guard


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Civil defense and homeland security
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Political culture
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Elections
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Economy
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Business climate
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Taxation
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Transportation
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Energy
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Demographics
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Urbanization
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Ethnic groups
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Languages
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Religion
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Education
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Healthcare

 * Further information: Hawaiʻi Health Authority, and Hawaiʻi Health Insurance Corporation

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Society
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Social class
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Women
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GLBT
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Marriage and children
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Daily life
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Customs and etiquette
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Culture
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Arts
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Visual arts
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Theater
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Music
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Architecture
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Sports
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Fashion
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Cuisine
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