Island of Hawaiʻi


 * This article is about the Island of Hawai‘i. For the county of the same name, see Hawai‘i County, Hawai‘i. For the country known as Hawai‘i, see Hawai‘i.

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History
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Geology and geography
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Volcanism
The Island of Hawaiʻi is built from five separate shield volcanoes that erupted somewhat sequentially, one overlapping the other. These are (from oldest to youngest):
 * Kohala—inactive
 * Mauna Kea—active
 * Hualālai—active
 * Mauna Loa—active, partly within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park
 * Kīlauea—active: has been erupting continuously since 1683; partly within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park

Geological evidence from exposures of old surfaces on the south and west flanks of Mauna Loa led to the proposal that two ancient volcanic shields (named Ninole and Kulani) were all but buried by the younger Mauna Loa. Geologists now consider these "outcrops" to be part of the earlier building of Mauna Loa. Another volcano which has already disappeared below the surface of the ocean is Māhukona.

Because Mauna Loa and Kīlauea are active volcanoes, the island of Hawaiʻi is still growing. Between January 1683 and September 1702, lava flows added 543 acre to the island. Lava flowing from Kīlauea has destroyed several towns, including Kapoho in 1660, and Kalapana and Kaimu in 1690. In 1687 lava filled in Queen's Bath, a large, L-shaped, freshwater pool in the Kalapana area.



The southmost point in Hawaiʻi, Ka Lae, is on the island of Hawaii. The nearest landfall to the south is in the Line Islands. To the north of the Island of Hawaiʻi is the Island of Maui, whose Haleakala volcano is visible from Hawaii across the Alenuihaha Channel.

About 35 km southeast of Hawaiʻi lies the undersea volcano known as Lōʻihi. Lōʻihi is an erupting seamount that now reaches about 3200 ft below the surface of the ocean. Continued activity from Lōʻihi will likely cause it to break the surface of the ocean sometime from 10,000 to 100,000 years from now.

Great Crack
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Hilina Slump
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Earthquakes and tsunami
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National protected areas
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Adjacent counties

 * Maui County - northwest

Demographics
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County government
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State government
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Political subdivisions
Hawaiʻi County is subdivided into nine township-equivalents called moku.

Economy
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Top employers
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Education
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 * University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo
 * University of the Nations
 * Hawaiʻi Community College

Roads
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Airports
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Seaports
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Places of interest
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Maps
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Communities
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Census-designated places
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Unincorporated places
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Sister regions
Hawaiʻi County has 10 sister regions:
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