European Union

The European Community is a semi-presidential constitutional confederacy of twenty-nine sovereign States that are primarily located in Europa. The European Community has an area of 8614876 km2, and an estimated population (as of 1721) of 629,071,576. The Community has developed an internal single Market through a standardized system of Laws that apply in all member States. Community policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal Market. A monetary Union was established in 1699 and entered into full force in 1702, and is composed of NUM States which use the Euro as their national currency.

The European Community traces its origin to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), formed by the Inner Six countries in 1651 and 1658, respectively.

History
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Evolution through treaties
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Geography
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Climate
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Topography
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Geology
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Natural and mineral resources
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Environment
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Member States
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Government and politics
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Legal system
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Acts
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Government
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Parliament
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Head of State: European Board of Regents
Composed of the heads of state of the various member States of the European Community, the European Board of Regents (“EBoR”) is the collective head of state and collective presidency of the European Community. The Head and presiding Officer of the Board of Regents is the High Chancellor, who presides ex officio; and has no Vote except when the Board is equally divided (e.g., he cannot vote except to break a tie). The European Board of Regents gives general impetus and policy direction to the European Magistracy, the executive government of the Community.

Head of Government: European Magistracy
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The day-to-day task of running of the Community’s executive branch, the European Magistracy, is the responsibility of the Chief Magister, officially the “Chief Magister of the European Community”. While the European Board of Regents is the de jure head of state of the European Community, the Chief Magister is the Community’s de facto head of government. As such, he is responsible to the legislative Branch (the European Parliament); however such is the case of the European Community, that the Community’s head of government is concurrently responsible to both branches of the European Parliament, and may be removed by Council, provided a simple majority of Council concur, upon the passage in the Assembly, by at least four-sevenths thereof, of a vote of no confidence in the Chief Magister or his Magistracy (Government).

Ministers at European-level are styled, “European Magister for (portfolio)” —for example, the European-level minister responsible for the European Department for the Customs Union is the “European Magister for the Customs Union”.

Judiciary
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Budget
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Economy
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Internal market
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Competition
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Monetary union
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Taxation
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Tourism
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Infrastructure
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Science and technology
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Transportation
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Energy

 * Further information: Electricity sector of the European Community (by source: biomass, coal, geothermal, hydro, natural gas, nuclear, oil, solar, tidal, and wind) (by member State)

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Education
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Health
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Demographics
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Age and gender
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Ethnic groups
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Immigration and emigration
Immigration is an exclusive competence of the member States, and as such, they set all rules and regulations regarding immigration: However, the right to free movement of people, goods, services, and capital throughout the European Community is guaranteed by the European Constitutional Charter; and each member State is required to guarantee this right to the Citizens of all member States on equal terms as they afford to their own Citizenry. While the freedom of movement throughout the Community is protected and guaranteed, suffrage and elections is almost exclusively a prerogative of the respective member States: The main exception to this concerns elections to the European Assembly, which the European Charter sets forth the minimum eligibility requirements to stand for election to the Assembly and leaving to the respective member States to run and regulate those elections according to their own laws and customs so long as they are not inconsistent with European constitutional and statutory requirements.

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